Comparison of Manipulation-proof Measures on Hungarian Data

26 June 2019DOI: https://doi.org/10.33893/FER.18.2.3151

Author information:

Dávid Andor Rácz: Corvinus University of Budapest, PhD Candidate. E-mail:

Abstract:

The further development of performance measures has managed to remedy some of the problems with earlier solutions, but with regard to the measures used most widely today, the issue of performance manipulation still needs to be tackled. This article presents the manipulation-proof performance measure (MPPM) developed by Ingersoll et al. (2007), which addresses this problem in a general sense. The MPPM used by Brown et al. (2010) is also detailed, along with the doubt ratio they developed, which can be used as a manipulation-detecting measure assessing implied risk aversion. With the calculations included here, this paper is one of the first to compare the MPPM and doubt ratio values calculated with the methods of the two groups of authors, seeking to explain the differences by using data from Hungarian absolute return funds as a sample. The results allow the author to be the first to propose the use of the more accurate MPPM formula of Ingersoll et al. (2007) both for performance measurement and calculation of the doubt ratio.

Cite as (APA):

Rácz, D. A. (2019). Comparison of Manipulation-proof Measures on Hungarian Data. Financial and Economic Review, 18(2), 31–51. https://doi.org/10.33893/FER.18.2.3151

PDF download
The works on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Column:

Study

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes:

G11, G23

Keywords:

portfolio selection, investment decisions, investment funds, performance assessment

References:

Arrow, K.J. (1971): Essays in theory of risk-bearing. North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam. Abdulali, A. (2006): The Bias Ratio: Measuring the Shape of Fraud. Protégé Partners Quarterly Letter, 3rd Quarter.

Amihud, Y. – Hameed, A. – Kang, W. – Zhang, H. (2015): The illiquidity premium: International evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 117(2): 350–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.04.005

Blake, C.R. – Elton, E.J. – Gruber, M.J. (1993): The performance of bond mutual funds. Journal of Business, 66(3): 371–403. https://doi.org/10.1086/296609

Balog, D. – Bátyi, T. – Csóka, P. – Pintér, M. (2017): Properties and comparison of risk capital allocation methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 259(2): 614–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.10.052

Bollen, N.P.B. – Pool, V.K. (2009): Do Hedge Fund Managers Misreport Returns? Evidence from the Pooled Distribution. Journal of Finance, 64(5): 2257–2288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01500.x

Brown, S. – Kang, M. – In, F. – Lee, G. (2010): Resisting the Manipulation of Performance Metrics: An Empirical Analysis of the Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure. New York University Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1536323

Bóta, G. (2014): A magyarországi befektetési alapok teljesítményét meghatározó tényezők vizsgálata (Examining the major factors determining the performance of Hungarian investment funds). Hitelintézeti Szemle, 13(2): 147–163.

Bóta, G. – Ormos, M. (2016): Is There a Local Advantage for Mutual Funds That Invest in Eastern Europe? Eastern European Economics, 54(1): 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2015.1120161

Carhart, M.M. (1997): On persistence in mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1): 57–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x

Csóka, P. – Pintér, M. (2016): On the impossibility of fair risk allocation. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 16(1): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2014-0051

Elton, E.J. – Gruber, M.J. – Blake, C.R. (1996a): The persistence of risk-adjusted mutual fund performance. Journal of Business, 69(2): 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1086/209685

Elton, E.J. – Gruber, M.J. – Blake, C.R. (1996b): Survivorship Bias and Mutual Fund Performance. Review of Financial Studies. 9(4): 1097–1120. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/9.4.1097

Erdős, P. – Ormos, M. (2009): Return calculation methodology: Evidence from the Hungarian mutual fund industry. Acta Oeconomica, 59(4): 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1556/AOecon.59.2009.4.2

Friend, I. – Blume, M.E. (1975): The demand for risky assets. American Economic Review, 65(2): 900–922.

Gandelman, N. – Hernandez-Murillo, R. (2015): Risk Aversion at the Country Level. Review, 97(1): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.20955/r.2015.53-66

Gemmill, G. – Hwang, S. – Salmon, M. (2006): Performance measurement with loss aversion. Journal of Asset Management 7(3–4): 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jam.2240213

Ingersoll, J. – Spiegel, M. – Goetzmann, W. – Welch, I. (2007): Portfolio Performance Manipulation and Manipulation-proof Performance Measures. The Review of Financial Studies 20(5): 1503–1546. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm025

Jensen, M. (1969): Risk, the pricing of capital assets, and the evaluation of investment portfolios. Journal of Business, 42(2): 167–247. https://doi.org/10.1086/295182

Kydland, F.E. – Prescott, E.C. (1982): Time to build and aggregate fluctuations. Econometrica, 50(6): 1345–1370. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913386

Layard, R. – Mayraz. G. – Nickell, S. (2008): The Marginal Utility of Income. Journal of Public Economics, 92(8–9): 1846–1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.01.007

Mas-Colell, A. – Whinston, M.D. – Green, J.R. (1995): Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press, New York.

Pojarliev, M. – Levich, R.M. (2013): Evaluating Absolute Return Managers. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 28(1): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2333210

Sharpe, W.A. (1966): Mutual Fund Performance. Journal of Business, 39(1/2): 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1086/294846

Szpiro, G.G. – Outreville, J-F. (1988): Relative Risk Aversion Around the World: Further Results. Journal of Banking and Finance, 6(S1): 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(88)90063-5

Treynor, J. – Black, F. (1973): How to Use Security Analysis to Improve Portfolio Selection. Journal of Business, 46(1): 66–86. https://doi.org/10.1086/295508

Zawadowski, Á. (2017): Kezelési költségük határozza-e meg a Magyarországon forgalmazott részvénypiaci befektetési alapok teljesítményét? (Do fees determine the performance of stock mutual funds sold in Hungary?) Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review), 64(11): 1186–1201. https://doi.org/10.18414/KSZ.2017.11.1186

Qian, M. – Yu, B. (2015): Do mutual fund managers manipulate? Applied Economics Letters, 22(12): 967–971. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.993124